Young Stroke: Resources for Patients, Their Families, and Caregivers for Long-Term Community Living

Approximately 1 in 10 strokes occurs adults younger than 50 years of age (young stroke).1Ferro J.M. Massaro A.R. Mas J.L. Aetiological diagnosis ischaemic stroke young adults.Lancet Neurol. 2010; 9: 1085-1096Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (168) Google Scholar In the United States, hospitalizations resulting from to ischemic (most common type stroke) among are increasing.2Virani S.S. Alonso A. Benjamin E.J. et al.Heart disease and statistics–2020 update: a report American Heart Association.Circulation. 2020; 141: e139-596Crossref (2074) Scholar,3Ekker M.S. Boot E.M. Singhal A.B. Tan K.S. Debette S. Tuladhar A.M. de Leeuw F.E. Epidemiology, aetiology, management 2018; 17: 790-801Abstract (104) Although having at any can result lifelong physical, visual, emotional, thinking changes that significantly affect lives survivors, their families, caregivers, survivors experience additional challenges. Young often still have take care work ensure financial security, be active members social communities. These life demands put added pressure on return prestroke roles quality life. The good news is people greater capacity recover tend faster. A variety treatment options available facilitate recovery process. This information page provides useful help you understand needs experiences some resources address them. Many occur after stroke, including but not limited to:•Weakness decreased movement one side your body•Difficulty walking because balance gait•Problems with eyesight such as double vision, neglect, partial or complete vision loss•Difficulties memory•Speech language problems•Mood depression, anxiety, lack interest things•Sleep problems•Fatigue•Changes touch sensation•Incontinence owing bowel bladder weakness•Changes sexual behavior intimacy All these might limit one’s ability perform daily activities participate fully complex tasks driving working. limitations make it difficult for “return normal routine” home community. Starting rehabilitation early meet goals. Early interventions outpatient settings delivered focus skills using wheelchair, arms hands, speaking, self-care dressing, showering, managing medications. Every survivor recovers own pace. Some show lot improvement short amount time, whereas others may slower improve much all. Even rehabilitation, long-term effects which do all usual activities, going back full- part-time work. financially relationships, emotional well-being, Yes, possible multiple stroke-related challenges overlap interact. For instance, an individual depression able office job driving. Not being drive worse increase stressors. However, there several previous find new meaningful volunteer opportunities,4Scott S.L. Burns S.P. Schwartz J. Kovic M. Returning mild stroke.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019; 100: 379-383Abstract (3) Scholar,5Burns J.K. Scott Devos H. Hong I. Akinwuntan Interdisciplinary approaches stroke: position paper.Arch 99: 2378-2388Abstract (10) well manage mental health issues.6Terrill A.L. Belagaje Understanding 1003-1008Abstract (2) Information also returning stroke.5Burns Scholar,7Devos Frias Driving 1935-1937Abstract (1) Long-lasting deficits stroke. Having major event, should ashamed seek support. survivor, family members, caregivers always talk provider him her aware concerns currently experienced. overwhelming, both short- recovery.4Scott Scholar, 5Burns 6Terrill 7Devos 8Menon B. Salini P. Habeeba K. Conjeevaram Munisusmitha Female severity determines caregiver stress patients.Ann Indian Acad 2017; 20: 418-424Crossref (16) 9Hu X. Heyn P.C. Roberts What stroke?.Arch 98: 2347-2349Abstract (5) 10Hill V.A. Formative evaluation healthy eating lifestyle intervention.Arch 2015; 96: e83Abstract One about what treatments best given symptoms, goals, lifestyle. Table types needed survivors.Table 1What services help?Rehabilitation ServicesDescription Additional ResourcesVocational rehabilitationThe vocational determining do, setting realistic number hours safely. addition, provide training alternative line if unable stroke.•https://www.stroke.org/en/life-after-stroke/recovery/return-to-work•https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-99931830316-2/fulltextTherapeutic recreationA therapeutic recreation specialist uses games, sports, other physical abilities enjoy activities.•https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/physical-effects-of-stroke/healing/recreational-therapyDriving rehabilitationDriving addresses opportunity train regain confidence Note specific visual medical requirements vary by country state States.•https://www.aded.net/•https://www.stroke.org/en/life-after-stroke/recovery/daily-living/driving-after-stroke•https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-99931830313-7/fulltextPeer support groupsPeer groups bring together, sharing support, source strength inspiration. found local community online (eg, Stroke), media sites Facebook.•https://supportnetwork.heart.org/?utm_source=ASAsite&utm_medium=owned&utm_campaign=familycaregivers&utm_content=evergreen•https://youngstroke.com/General resources•https://www.strokengine.ca/en/•https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/materials_for_patients.htm•http://www.strokecenter.org/patients/•https://www.stroke.org/ Open table tab Following up leaving hospital important. primary physician, nurse practitioner, physiatrist, neurologist (table 2). Maintaining regular contact will receives proper medications prevent recurrent identify lingering poststroke concerns. referrals needed.Table 2Which specialists stroke?Rehabilitation DisciplineDescription ResourcesPhysiatryA physiatrist physician who evaluates treats expert developing patient-centered plans.•https://www.aapmr.org/about-physiatry/about-physical-medicine-rehabilitation/what-is-physiatryPhysical therapyA neurophysical therapist through use exercises, modalities, education strength, balance, walking, coordination, move get place another.•https://www.choosept.com/symptomsconditionsdetail/physical-therapy-guide-to-strokeOccupational neuro-occupational helps function important everyday addressing difficulties related organization, hand arm vision. Occupational therapists adapt environment participation survivor.•https://www.aota.org/?/media/Corporate/Files/AboutOT/Professionals/WhatIsOT/RDP/Facts/Stroke-Rehab-fact-sheet.pdfSpeech pathologyA speech pathologist communicate think. difficulty swallowing.•https://www.prosthetics.va.gov/factsheet/SLP-FactSheet.pdf•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eoBPPtCi2mEClinical neuropsychologyA neuropsychologist series tests evaluate treat various aspects cognition, thinking, memory, behavior, issues depression. involved problem providing counselling guidance accommodations structured assist coming work-related disability issues.•https://theaacn.org/adult-neuropsychology/Rehabilitation psychologyA psychologist coping adjusting They mood, sleep problems, pain management.•https://www.abpp.org/Applicant-Information/Specialty-Boards/Rehabilitation-Psychology.aspxMusic music music-based individualized same time.•https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/physical-effects-of-stroke/healing/healing-through-musicAssistive technology professionalAn assistive professional selection fitting adaptive equipment, wheelchairs. occupational therapist, another has completed extra certification “assistive professional.”•https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-99931830316-2/fulltext/ ask his caused (if cause determined), so action reduce risk Steps include:•Exercising regularly•Stopping smoking•Taking prescribed•Monitoring controlling blood pressure•Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption•Reducing cholesterol•Eating healthy10Hill Family life, money finances, role loss shift spouse child now caregiver), intimacy, driving, helpful cope driving5Burns work4Scott available. fulfill responsibilities. Changes work, household chores, parenting toll relationships. limitations, fear, medications, reasons. 50% 60% burnout.11What burnout?.https://www.stroke.org/-/media/data-import/downloadables/5/4/2/pe-abh-what-is-caregiver-burnout-ucm_300657.pdf?la=enGoogle Women more complications incontinence) burnout. Caregiver burnout nothing of. It simply sign they receiving. If experiencing signs feeling drained, cope, headaches), he she let survivor’s team know. Addressing protects well-being survivor. include falling staying asleep, appetite, inappropriate survivor.11What strategies taking things day choosing nutrition, seeking situation.11What Stroke Association set at: https://www.stroke.org/en/help-and-support/for-family-caregivers. was developed Abiodun Akinwuntan, PhD, MPH, MBA (e-mail address: [email protected] ); Xiaolei Hu, MD, PhD; Alexandra L. Terrill, Suzanne Perea Burns, OTR; Catherine Cooper Hay, Samir R. Belagaje, MD. meant replace advice interpreted clinical practice guideline. Information/Education Page reproduced noncommercial professionals service providers share patients clients. Any reproduction subject approval publisher.